Conflict of Intereset

All authors, editors, reviewers, and other parties involved in the publication process are expected to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence, or may be perceived to influence, their judgment or decisions.

Authors are required to disclose any financial or non-financial interests, personal relationships, institutional affiliations, professional commitments, or other circumstances that could potentially affect the research, its interpretation, or the publication process. Such disclosures should be made at the time of manuscript submission.

No Conflict of Interest

“The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this research, its authorship, or its publication.”

Conflict of Interest Disclosed

“The authors declare the following conflicts of interest that may be relevant to this research: [provide a clear description of the conflict of interest].”

Editors and reviewers must also declare any potential conflict of interest and should decline to participate in the evaluation or editorial decision-making process when a conflict may compromise their impartiality.

Any disclosed conflict of interest will be assessed by the editorial team and handled appropriately to preserve the fairness, independence, and credibility of the peer-review and publication process.