Critical Thinking Through Words: : Learning Transformation with Pentigraf in Islamic Religious Education

Melia Fitriani; Heri Sulistiyono; Dita Indartika; Ichsan Anshory; Arina Restian

doi:10.29240/belajea.v11i1.15294

Authors

Melia Fitriani Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2067-8731
Heri Sulistiyono Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Dita Indartika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Ichsan Anshory Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Arina Restian Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-8085

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29240/belajea.v11i1.15294

Keywords:

Case Study, critical thinking, Literacy, The Prophet's Companions, Pentigraf

Abstract

This study aims to describe the implementation of pentigraf (three-paragraph short story) about the struggles of the Prophet's companions in Islamic religious education lessons as a medium for developing critical thinking skills among sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Banturejo. The research employed a case study and literature study method, focusing on the learning process, students’ work, and their relevance to literacy reinforcement within the Merdeka Curriculum. The activity was conducted over four weeks with 24 students through stages of drafting, revising, and editing, resulting in an anthology titled Pentigraf: The Story of the Prophet's Companions. The theme “The Prophet's Companions” was developed through narrative and descriptive paragraphs. Students’ writings revealed four of the prophet’s companions' categories: Abu Bakar Ash Sidiq (7 students), Umar Bin Khattab (5 students), Usman Bin Affan (8 students), and Ali Bin Abi Thalib (4 students). The findings indicate that pentigraf writing fosters critical thinking through value reflection, cause-effect reasoning, and moral interpretation. This project-based literacy activity also enhanced students’ motivation, creativity, and self-confidence as their work was appreciated through publication. Supported by active teacher involvement and a literacy-rich school environment, pentigraf proved to be an effective medium for transforming Indonesian language learning into a reflective, creative, and student-centered process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agriyanti Mestari, Sri, Magvirah El Walidayni Kau, and Novi Rusnarti Usu. “Pentigraf Bahan Ajar Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Menulis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Di Lokasi Pariwisata Kawasan Teluk Tomini.” Estungkara: Jurnal Pengabdian Pendidikan Sejarah 3, no. 2 (2024): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.22437/est.v3i2.37386.

Agustinus Indradi. “Peningkatan Budaya Berliterasi Sastra Bagi Siswa Smak Santa Maria Malang Melalui Pembuatan Kitab Pentigraf.” Asawika : Media Sosialisasi Abdimas Widya Karya 6, no. 01 (2021): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.37832/asawika.v6i01.49.

Aisyah Raya Salsabila, Chintia Ramadhani, Moh. Faizin. “Berpikir Induktif SEbagai Dasar Kompetensi Sikap Kritis Bagi Peserta Didik Generasi Milinial Abad 21.” Cendekia 5, no. 1 (2021): 167–86.

Ammari, Hajar El, and Annie Guerriero. “The Material Passport for a Circular Construction Industry: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 18, no. 6 (2026). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18062858.

Ariani, Dewi. “Pengaruh Media Sosial Dan Komunitas Digital Terhadap,” no. November 2024 (2025): 157–64.

Asteria, Prima Vidya, Parmin Parmin, Sutikno Sutikno, and Ade Mulyanah. “Ekspresi Kreativitas Topik Dalam Menulis Pentigraf Dan Strategi Pengembagannya Karya Siswa Sekolah Indonesia Jeddah.” Kode : Jurnal Bahasa 13, no. 1 (2024): 194–208. https://doi.org/10.24114/kjb.v13i1.57005.

Cahyani, Isah, and Jatmika Nurhadi. “Enhancing Writing Skills and Language Creativity through the Plus-Minus-Interesting Technique : A Case Study at the Primary School Level,” 13, no. 1 (2023): 63–71.

Calma, Angelito, and Martin Davies. “Assessing Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities via a Systematic Evaluation of Essays.” Studies in Higher Education 51, no. 2 (2025): 422–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2025.2470969.

Carlgren, Terresa. “Communication, Critical Thinking, Problem Solving : A Suggested Course for All High School Students,” 2013, 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-013-9197-8.

Chand, Satish Prakash. “Methods of Data Collection in Qualitative Research: Interviews, Focus Groups, Observations, and Document Analysis.” Advances in Educational Research and Evaluation 6, no. 1 (2025): 303–17. https://doi.org/10.25082/aere.2025.01.001.

Damayanti, Rini, Kaswadi, Agung Pranoto, Roely Ardiansyah, and Sueb. “Pelatihan Penulisan Pentigraf Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Berliterasi.” Jurnal Pengabdian Kolaborasi Dan Inovasi IPTEKS 1, no. 6 (2023): 986–93. https://doi.org/10.59407/jpki2.v1i6.236.

Eksangkul, Natcha, Zheng Li, and Nianci Liu. “Integrating Teacher-Centred and Student-Centred Approaches for Effective Online Teaching,” 17, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/asi.

Fida Arfani, Raras Setyo Retno, M Soeprijadi Djoko Laksana. “Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Self Directed Learning ( SDL ) Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Pentigraf Siswa Kelas V SDN 01 Taman Kota Madiun.” Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Dasar 4 (2023): 436–44.

Goyanes, Manuel, Carlos Lopezosa, and Beatriz Jordá. “Thematic Analysis of Interview Data with ChatGPT: Designing and Testing a Reliable Research Protocol for Qualitative Research.” Quality and Quantity 59, no. 6 (2025): 5491–5510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02199-3.

Harendika, Melania Shinta, Aprinus Salam, and Sudibyo. “Exploring the Field of Cultural Production : The Development of Pentigraf in Indonesia,” 53, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17977/2550-0635.1152.

Indradi, A. “Penyusunan Kitab Pentigraf Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Berliterasi Siswa/Siswi SMA/SMK Katolik Dan Kristen Se-Malang Raya.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2020, 440–50.

Indradi, Agustinus, and Andy Endra Krisna. “Pelatihan Menulis Fiksi Mini Bagi Siswa SMAK Frateran Malang.” ASAWIKA: Media Sosialisasi Abdimas Widya Karya 10, no. 1 (2025): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.37832/asawika.v10i1.286.

Junaedi Setiyono. “Kegiatan Apresiasi Puisi Dan Cerpen Karya Siswa Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Di SMK Negeri 1 Kepil.” Abdibaraya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 02 (2025): 123–35.

Karpicke, Jeffrey D. “Retrieval-Based Learning : Active Retrieval Promotes Meaningful Learning,” 2012. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412443552.

Khalaf, Bilal Khalid, and Zuhana Bt Mohammed Zin. “Traditional and Inquiry-Based Learning Pedagogy: A Systematic Critical Review.” International Journal of Instruction 11, no. 4 (2018): 545–64. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11434a.

Kolikant, Yifat Ben-David. “Adapting School to the Twenty-First Century : Educators ’ Perspectives.” Technology, Pedagogy and Education 28, no. 3 (2019): 287–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2019.1584580.

Mekheimer, Mohamed. “Technological Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Contextual Factors in Advanced EFL e-Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study of Strategy Use and Satisfaction.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04947-0.

Nabila Zahra Zhafira, V. Teguh Suharto, M. Bunur Huda. “Penerapan Teknik Pentigraf Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Narasi Siswa Kelas IX SMP Ma`Arif Ngawi Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025.” Sambhasana 04 (2025): 102–12.

Nurjamin, Asep, Agus Mulyanto, Lucky R Nurjamin, and Yustika Nur Fajriah. “Antusiasme Dan Kreativitas Siswa Kelas X Sekolah Penggerak Dalam Menulis Cerpen Melalui Meniru Dan Memodifikasi.” Jurnal Anufa, 2025, 15–28.

Prof, Asst, and Olga Gilyazova. “A Text in the Communicative Dimension : The Relationship between the Open and Closed Text in the Context of Umberto Eco’s Ideas,” no. 45 (2021): 191–208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.944022.

Rofi, A H, Gatut Susanto, Didin Widyartono, Helmi Muzakki, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl Semarang No, Kec Lowokwaru, et al. “Pengembangan Pembelajaran Berpikir Kritis-Kreatif Berbasis Blended Learning Di SMA Pendahuluan Di Era 5 . 0 , Kompetensi Berpikir Kritis-Kreatif Semakin Penting Dibutuhkan . Bertahan Dan Sukses Di Dunia Profesional . Namun Demikian , Riset- Riset Terdahul” 5 (2022): 527–36.

Rothinam, Nirumala, Rama Vengrasalam, Sivabala Naidu, Suppiah Nachiappan, and Samikannu Jabamoney. “Systematic Literature Review on Critical Thinking in Higher Education.” Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2025): 2046–63. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7377.

Sadulla, Tabassum. “Media Pendidikan Gizi Dan Kuliner Fostering Students ’ Creative Thinking through Media Education : Integrative Approaches in the Digital Era.” Media Pendidikan Gizi 15, no. 2 (2023): 91–98.

Salsabilla Cahaya Putri, Nengsi Amelia Nainggolan, Syahroini Syahroini, and Syahrial Syahrial. “Kajian Literatur : Efektivitas Cerpen Dalam Menumbuhkan Kreativitas Menulis Siswa Kelas IV SD.” Semantik : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Budaya 3, no. 2 (2025): 242–48. https://doi.org/10.61132/semantik.v3i2.1696.

Saputra, Ardi Wina. Kisyani Laksono, Maria Mintowati, and Didik Nurhadi. “Analisis Muatan Tematik Dalam Konstruksi Pembelajaran Menulis Pentigraf Pada Komunitas Sastra 3 Indonesia.” KLAUSA (Kajian Linguistik, Pembelajaran Bahasa, Dan Sastra) 6, no. 1 (2022): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.33479/klausa.v6i01.488.

Sarwanto, Laksmi Evasufi Widi Fajari & Chumdari. “CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND THEIR IMPACTS” 2, no. 2 (2021): 161–87.

Setiana, Dafid Slamet, and Riawan Yudi Purwoko. “Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Matematika Siswa.” Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika 7, no. 2 (2020): 163–77.

Silasari, Shofi Putri, ; Apri Irianto, and ; Pana Pramulia. “GENTA MULIA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER CINTA LINGKUNGAN DI SDN MARGOREJO 1/403 SURABAYA.” Genta Mulia, 2025, 184–92.

Simatupang, Febrina, Ananda Tampubolon, Ancelina Simbolon, Gloria Saragih, Dwi Tarisya, Grace Manullang, and Immanuel Hasiholan Siregar. “Pengaruh Literasi Terhadap Tingkat Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V Di SD 064973 Bhayangkara Medan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2, no. 4 (2024).

Supriyadi, Tedi, and Nan Rahminawati. “Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Primary School : Teachers ’ Perceptions of Islamic Education,” 9, no. 1 (2022): 56–76.

Susanti, Nurul Indah, Fianico Sukmana Rozy, Lailatul Munawaroh, and Annisa Shinta Alfiyah. “Analisis Tingkat Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS.” Jurnal Pemikiran Pendidikan 31, no. 2 (2025): 325–36. https://doi.org/10.30587/didaktika.v31i2.9847.

Umar, Alfany, and Abdul Karim Batubara. “Efektivitas Kegiatan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Literasi Siswa Di SMPN 20 Medan.” MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 7, no. 2 (2023): 286–97. https://doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v7i2.7530.

Vendrell-Morancho, Mireia, and Aída Valero Moya. “Mapping Critical Thinking: Key Contributions for Rethinking Education*.” Educacao e Pesquisa 51 (2025): 0–2. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202551278119en.

Wayudi, Mauliana, and Budi Santoso. “Kajian Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas.” Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran 5, no. 1 (2020): 67–82. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v4i2.18008.