Analisis Hadis-Hadis ‘Ashâbah dalam Konteks Kewarisan Islam (Studi Terhadap Pemaknaan dan Implementasi)

Authors

  • Zikri Darussamin Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
  • Adynata Adynata Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
  • Zailani Zailani Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
  • Armansyah Armansyah Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Ahmad Zikri Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v7i2.6652

Keywords:

ashābat, inherited traditions, maanil hadith

Abstract

Analysis of 'Ashâbah Hadiths in the Context of Islamic Inheritance (A Study of Interpretation and Implementation

The concept of 'asabah which is based on hadith “give the inheritance to the rightful people†(zÄwul furÏ‹d) and give the rest to the more primal of the male relatives†is considered discriminatory by many parties as well as it’s reducing the percentage of women's inheritance rights as heirs of dzawul furûdh which have been determined in absolute terms (qaht'i). This paper aims to analyze the hadith about 'ashabah through the ma'anil hadith approach using the takhrîj method as well as textual, contextual and intertextual interpretations. The results of the study concluded that the hadiths of 'ashabah are categorized as valid (sahih) hadiths and can be used as evidence (hujjah) regarding the legitimacy of the 'ashabah system in Islamic inheritance. The application of the ‘asabah inheritance system does not have discriminatory implications. On the contrary, it actually contains the value of distributive justice, because justice in inheritance is not always measured by the similarity of designation between heirs, but is also determined by proportionality based on the size of the burden of responsibility assigned to each heir, the balance between rights and obligations and the balance between what is obtained with needs and uses. In order to measure the aspect of justice, the 'ashabah inheritance system must be understood integrally by placing the position of inheritance as a sub-system of the overall family law system within the Islamic legal system which is intact and comprehensive.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali, M. Daud, Asas-asas Hukum Islam, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1990.

Andoko (2017). Dualisme Pembagian Warisan Anak Laki-laki dan Perempuan Menurut Hukum Islam dan KUH Perdata, Jurnal Hukum Responsif FH UNPAB, vol 5 (5)

Anshori, Abdul Ghofur, Filsafat Hukum Kewarisan Islam; Konsep Kewarisan Bilateral Hazairin, Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2005

Arofik, Slamet dan Rafida Fidaroini. 2021. Ahli Waris AshÄbah Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam, Jas Merah: Jurnal Hukum dan Akhwal Asy-Syakhsiyah, Vol. 1 No. 1.

Asy’ari, A.Hasyim. 2014. Kontroversi Kedudukan ‘AshÄbah dalam Hukum Waris Menururt Mazhab Syi’ah Itsna ‘Asy’ariyah, Asy-Syari’ah, Vol 16 No. 1

Bachtiar, Maryati. (2014). Hukum Waris Islam Dipandang dari Perspektif Hukum Berkeadilan Gender, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 3 (1)

Badriyah Harun, Panduan Praktis Pembagian Waris, Pustaka Yustisia, Yogyakarta, 2010.

Barlinti, Yeni Salma. (2013). “Inheritance Legal System In Indonesia: A Legal Justice For Peopleâ€, Indonesia Law Review , Vol. 1, Nomor 3.

Bukhariy, Muhammad bin Ismail Abu Abdillah al-Ju’fiy al-, al-Jami’ al-MusnÄd al-Shahih al-MukhtashÄr min Umur Rasulillah SAW. wa SunÄnihi wa AyyÄmihi = Shahih al-Bukhariy, Muhaqqiq: Muhammad Zuhair bin Nashir al-Nashir, ttp: DÄr Thuq al-Najah, 1422 H, Cet. Ke-1, Juz 8

Cammack, Mark. (2002). “Islamic Inheritance law in Indonesia: The Influence of Hazairin's Theory of Bilateral Inheritanceâ€, Asian Law, Vo14.

Darimiy, Abu Muhammad ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdirrahman bin al-Fadhl bin Bahram bin ‘Abd al-Shomad, al-Tamimiy al-Samarqandiy al-, Sunan al-DÄrimiy, Tahqiq: Husain Salim Asad al-Daraniy, ttp: DÄr al-Mughniy, 2000 M./ 1412 H, Juz 4

Darussamin, Zikri. (2013). Hak Waris Anak laki-laki dalam al-Quran dan Hadisâ€, dalam Jurnal Ushuluddin, vol. XX (2)

-------. Kuliah Ilmu Hadis I, Yogyakarta: Kalimedia, 2020.

Dewi, Gemala. (2013). Pemikiran Hukum Kewarisan Islam Di Indonesia Tentang Bagian Perolehan Ahli Waris Pengganti, Jurnal Law Review, vol XIII (1)

Enginer, Asghar Ali. Hak-hak Perempuan dalam Islam, terj. Farid Wajidi dan Cici Farikha Assegaf, Yogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya, 1994.

Fitriyati, Yusida.2014. Kedudukan ‘Ashabah Dalam Kasus Aul Menurut Ibnu Abbas, Nurani, vol. 14, no.2.

Foster, Frances H. (2001). “The Family Paradigm of Inheritance Lawâ€, 80 N.C. L. Rev. 199

Hassan, Ahmad. Al-FarÄid: Ilmu Pembagian Waris, Surabaya: Pustaka Progresif, 1981

Hazairin, Hukum Kewarisan Bilateral Menurut QurÄan dan Hadits, Jakarta: Tintamas, 1982

Ismail. (2020). “The Philosophical Values of Islamic Inheritance Lawâ€, Innovatio: Journal for Religious-Innovation Studies, Vol. XX, No. 2.

Jamaluddinmahasari.wordpress.com/2012/04/22/pengertian-keadilan-diambildari- endapat- paraahli/diakses pada tanggal 30 Juni 2022

Jamil, Abdul, Wanita Dalam Hukum Kewarisan Islam Dalam Penghapusan Diskriminasi terhadap Wanita, Bandung: Alumni, 2000

Judiasih, Sonny Dewi, Elfa Laela Fakhriah. (2018). “Inheritance Law System: Considering the Fluralism of Customary law in Indonesiaâ€, Padjadjaran Journal of Law, volume 5 number 2.

Kamaruddin. (2013). Beragam Norma Hukum dalam Penerapan Waris, Jurnal Al-Risalah, vol 13 (1)

Kansil, C.S.T. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1984.

Khon, Abdul Madjid, Ulumul Hadis, Jakarta: Amzah, 2011.

Muhsin, Amina Wadud. Wanita didalam al-Qur’Än, terj. Yaziar Radianti, Bandung, Pustaka, 1994.

Muslim, Abu al-Husain al-Qusyairiy al-Nisaburiy, al-MusnÄd al-ShÄhih al-MukhtashÄr bi Naql al-‘Adl ‘an al-‘Adl ila Rasulillah saw, Juz 3,

Muhaqqiq; Muhammad Fuad ‘Abd al-Baqiy, Beirut: DÄr Ihyak al-Turats al-‘Arabiy, tth

Nasaiy, Ahmad bin Syu’aib Abu ‘Abdirrahman al- al-Sunan al-Kubra, Juz 4, Tahqiq: ‘Abd al-Ghaffar Sulaiman al-Bandariy dan Sayid Kaswariy Hasan, Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1991 M./1411 H

Nawawi, An-. Shahih Muslim bi Syarh al-Nawawi, Jilid 11, Beirut: DÄr al-Fikri, 1972.

--------. Al-Tafsir al-Munīr li Ma’alim al-Tanzīl, Juz I, Semarang: Usaha Keluarga, tth

Noordina, Noraini, Adibah Shuibb, Mohammad Said Zainol, Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil. (2012). “Review On Issues And Challenges In Islamic Inheritance Distribution In Malaysiaâ€, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development 03: 12.

Qutb, Sayyid. Fi DzilÄl al-Qur’Än, Jilid 4, Beirut: DÄr al-TurÄts al-Arabi, 1967.

Raziy, Al-. Tafsir al-Kabir, Jilid IV, Teheran: DÄr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, t.t.

Reskiani, Anugrah, Dian Furqani Tenrilawa, Aminuddin, Rahman Subha. (2022). “Reform Methods of Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia in Jurisprudenceâ€, Jurnal Ilmiah Syari‘ah, Volume 21, Nomor 1.

Rofiq, Ahmad, Hukum Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2000

ShÄbuni, Muhammad Ali Ash- .Al-MawÄrits fî asy-Syari’ah al-Islamiyah fi dhaui al-KitÄb wa as-Sunnah, Beirut: DÄr al-Fikri, t.t.

Shiddieqy, Hasbi Ash-, Falsafah Hukum Islam, Jakarta, Bulan Bintang, 1975.

Shiddieqy, Hasbi Ash-. Fiqhul Mawaris, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1973.

Suma, Muhammad Amin, (2012), Menakar Keadilan Hukum Waris Islam Melalui Pendekatan Teks Dan Konteks Al-Nushush, Jurnal Ahkam, vol. XII (2)

Sunarjati Hartono, Dari Hukum Antar Golongan ke Hukum Antar Adat, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung 1991.

Syaibaniy, Abu Abdillah Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hanbal bin Hilal bin Asad al-, Musnad al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Juz 3, Muhaqqiq: Ahmad Muhammad Syakir, Kairo: DÄr al-Hadis, 1995 M./1416 H

Syarifuddin, Amir. Pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan dalam Lingkungan Adat Minangkabau, Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1984.

Thabari, Al-. Tafsir al-Thabari, jilid 4, Beirut: DÄr al-Fikri, 1976.

Tirmiziy, Muhammad bin Isa bin Saurah bin Musa bin al-Dhahhak Abu Isa al-, al-Jami’ al-Kabir-Sunan al-Tirmiziy, Juz 3, Muhaqqiq: Basyar ‘Awwad Ma’ruf, Beirut: DÄr al-Ghurab al-Islamiy, 1998 M

Yuslem, Nawir. Sembilan Kitab Induk Hadis, Jakarta: Hijri Pustaka Utama, 2006.

Zahari, Ahmad, Tiga Versi Hukum Kewarisan Islam: Syafi'i, Hazairin dan KHI, Pontianak: Romeo Grafika, 2003

Zuleika, Adelina, Ni Putu Desinthya. (2012). “Islamic Inheritance Law (Faraid) and Its Economic Implicationâ€, Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review, Volume 8.1

Downloads

Published

2023-09-29

How to Cite

Darussamin, Z., Adynata, A., Zailani, Z., Armansyah, A., & Zikri, A. (2023). Analisis Hadis-Hadis ‘Ashâbah dalam Konteks Kewarisan Islam (Studi Terhadap Pemaknaan dan Implementasi). AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, 7(2), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v7i2.6652

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis agree to the following terms:
  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).