The Concept of Ecotheology in Tafsir Al-Baḥr al-Madīd: Ibn ' Ajibah’s Sufistic Interpretation of Environmental Verses in the Qur’an
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v9i1.11818Keywords:
EcotheologyAbstract
The world has recently been hit by an environmental crisis caused by human exploitation of nature. This attitude of humans stems from their denial of the sacredness of nature, which is rooted in the loss of spiritual and moral values. In addressing the issue of the environmental crisis, the researcher is interested in examining Ibn ‘Ajibah’s interpretation of ecological verses and exploring them within the discourse of ecotheology, which has been widely developed recently. This research is purely a literature study, using a multidisciplinary approach that includes thematic interpretation, theological-sufistic, and ecological approaches. The results of this research are twofold: first, based on the issue underlying this research, Ibn ‘Ajibah’s interpretation of environmental verses is classified into two themes, namely the relationship between Allah and nature, and the relationship between nature and humans. Second, the concept of ecotheology in the Tafsir al-Baḥr al-Madīd includes two main concepts, namely: the concept of nature as a divine theophany; and the concept of humans as khalīfatullāh fī al-arḍ. In conclusion, in Ibn ‘Ajibah’s interpretation, nature is a manifestation of Allah, just like humans. Therefore, humans must repair the damage to nature, preserve it, and protect it from further damage. This is an application of their role as Allah’s delegates on Earth.
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References
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———. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, Inc., 2002.
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Salamuddin. “Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Concept of The Relationship Between Man, Nature, and God.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 25, no. 1 (2017).
Ṣalībā, Jamīl. Tārīkh Al-Falsafah Al-’Arabiyyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1973.
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Zulfikar, Eko, Kusnadi, Halimatussa'diyah, and Nadia Azkiya. “Eco-Theology in Tafsir Al-Azhar: Hamka’s Efforts in Building a Paradigm and Being Environmentally Conscious.” In the ICQS Proceeding Conference. Kudus: The Science of the Quran and Tafsir, IAIN Kudus, 2023.
‘Ajībah, Ibnu. Al-Baḥr Al-Madīd Fī Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān Al-Majīd. Vol. 1. Kairo: Ḥasan ‘Abbās Zakī, 1999.
———. Al-Baḥr Al-Madīd Fī Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān Al-Majīd. Vol. 5. Kairo: Ḥasan ‘Abbās Zakī, 1999.
———. Al-Baḥr Al-Madīd Fī Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān Al-Majīd. Vol. 2. Kairo: Ḥasan ‘Abbās Zakī, 1999.
———. Al-Baḥr Al-Madīd Fī Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān Al-Majīd. Vol. 3. Kairo: Ḥasan ‘Abbās Zakī, 1999.
———. Al-Baḥr Al-Madīd Fī Tafsīr Al-Qurān Al-Majīd. Vol. 4. Kairo: Ḥasan ‘Abbās Zakī, 1999.
‘Arabī, Muhy al-Dīn Ibn. “Fuṣūṣ Al-Ḥikam.” Kairo: Dār al-Iḥyā al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, 1946.
'Arabī, Muḥy al-Dīn Ibnu. Tafsīr Ibn’ Arabī. Vol. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, 2011.
Abdillah, Junaidi. “Deconstruction of Anthropocentrist Interpretations: An Environmentally Sound Review.” Kalam: Journal of Religious Studies and Islamic Thought 8, no. 1 (2014).
Abdillah, Mujiyono. Religion From the Perspective of the Qur’an. Jakarta: Paramadina, 2001.
Achmad, Rukaesih. Environmental Chemistry: Global Environmental Issues. Jakarta: Open University, 2011.
Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥamīd. Al-Munqīż Min Al-Ḍalāl. Turki: Ḥaqīqah Kitābavi, 1981.
Al-Juwaynī, ‘Abd Mālik. Lam ‘Al-Adillah Fī Qawā’Id A’qāid Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamā’ah. Kairo: Dār al-Miṣriyyah, 1965.
Al-Mināwī, Muḥammad ‘Abd Raūf. Tawfīq ‘Alā Muhimmāt Al-Ta’Rīf. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Mu’āṣir, 1998.
Al-Sakandārī, Ibn ‘Athā’illāh. Al-Ḥikam Al-‘Aṭāiyyah Wa Al-Munājah Al-Ilāhiyyah. Edited by Hasan al-Samahī Suwaidan. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.d.
———. Al-Tanwīr Fī Isqāṭ Al-Tadbīr. Kairo: Dār al-Salām al-Hadīṡah, 2007.
Al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Jarīr. Jāmi’ Al-Bayān ‘an Ta’Wīl Ay Al-Qur’ān. Vol. 2. Kairo: Dār al-Hadith, 2010.
Amuna, John Candra Sekar Bayu Putra. “Ecocentrism and Responding to the Environmental Crisis.” MINISTRY OF STATE SECRETARIAT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, 2024. https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/ekosentrisme_dan_upaya_menanggapi_krisis_lingkungan_hidup.
Andini, Riddo, Mohamad Zaenal Arifin, Muhammad Amin, and Ahmad Bahrul Hikam. “The Qur’an and Its Implications for Modern Man: Ecologically Based Environmental Conservation, Integral Perspective.” Al Quds: Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis 8, no. 1 (2024).
Aulia Rakhmat. “Islamic Ecotheology: Understanding the Concept of Khalifah and the Ethical Responsibility of the Environment.” Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy 3, no. 1 (2022).
Baker, Anton. Cosmology & Ecology: A philosophy about the cosmos as a human household. Yogyakarta: Kanisisus, 1995.
Bucke, Maurice. Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind. Bedford, Virginia: Apple Woods Books, 2001.
Budianto, Yoesep. “The deterioration of the Earth’s carrying capacity threatens human life.” Kompas.Id, 2023. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2023/07/06/memburuknya-daya-dukung-bumi-mengancam-kehidupan-manusia.
Department of National Education. Great Dictionary of Indonesian. Jakarta: Pustaka Bahasa, 2008.
Esposito, John L. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Bandung: Mizan, 2001.
Irawan, Bambang, Ismail Fahmi Arrauf Nasution, and Hywel Coleman. “Applying Ibn ʿArabi’s Concept of Tajalli: A Sufi Approach to Environmental Ethics.” Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism 10, no. 1 (2021).
Jarraud, M., and A. Steiner. “Summary for Policymakers: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation.” Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 9781107025 (2012).
Kartanegara, Mulyadi. Reactualization of Islamic Scientific Tradition. Jakarta: Baitul Ihsan, 2006.
Khaidir, Piet Hizbullah, Abdul Kadir Riyadi, Idri, Azhar Ibrahim, and Fathurrofiq. “RATIONAL SUFISM: The Influence of Harun Nasution’s Thought in the Academic World in Indonesia.” ULUL ALBAB: Jurnal Studi Islam 24, no. 1 (2023).
Mudin, Moh. Isom. “Shuhūd Al-Aḥadiyyah ‘Inda Ibn ‘Aṭā’Illāh: Mafhūmuhā Wa Lawāḥiquhā Wa Dawruhā Fī Ta’Sīs Mītāfīzīqā Al-‘Ulūm Al-Kawniyyah.” TSAQAFAH: Jurnal Perabadan Islam 14, no. 2 (2018).
Mulyadi Kartanegara. Diving into the Depths of Sufism. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2006.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Knowledge and The Sacred. New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 1998.
———. Man and Nature: The Spiritual Crisis of Modern Man. London: George Allan and Udwin, 1968.
———. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, Inc., 2002.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, and William C. Chittick. The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Bloomington: World Wisdom Book, 2007.
Nelson, Bock. “An Ecotheology: Toward a Spirituality of Creation and Eco-Justice.” Cross Currant, Association for Religion and Intellectual Life 63, no. 4 (2013).
Özdemir, Íbrahim. “Toward an Understanding of Environmental Ethics from a Qur’anic Perspective.” In Islam and Ecology: A Bestowed Trust, edited by R. C. Foltz, F. M. Denny, and A. Baharuddin. USA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2003.
Paul Taylor. Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. Princeton University Press, 1986.
Quddus, Abdul. “Islamic Ecotheology: Constructive Theology to Overcome the Environmental Crisis.” Ulumuna 16, no. 2 (2012).
Rockström, Johan, Joyeeta Gupta, Dahe Qin, Steven J. Lade, Jesse F. Abrams, Lauren S. Andersen, David I. Armstrong McKay, et al. “Safe and Just Earth System Boundaries.” Nature 619 (2023): 102–111.
Rohman, Abdul, Nur Hadi Ihsan, and Moh. Isom Mudin. “MA‘RIFATULLAH OF IBN ‘ATA’ILLAH IN THE FACE OF ‘THE PEAK EXPERIENCE’ OF ABRAHAM MASLOW.” AFKAR: Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 26, no. 1 (2024).
Rohman, Abdul, Amir Reza Kusuma, and Muhammad Ari Firdausi. “The Essence of ’Aql as Kamāl Al-Awwal in the View of Ibnu Sīnā and Its Relation to Education.” Dialogia: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 20, no. 1 (2022).
Salamuddin. “Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Concept of The Relationship Between Man, Nature, and God.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 25, no. 1 (2017).
Ṣalībā, Jamīl. Tārīkh Al-Falsafah Al-’Arabiyyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1973.
Sari, Agus P. Indonesia and Climate Change: An Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Climate Change Across a Range of Sectors Including Health, Food Security and Employment, 2007.
Setiawan, Ikhsan, Fadloli, Abdul Chalim, and Rizka Isnawati Fajrin. “Ecological Ethics by Ibnu Arabi and Its Urgency in Islamic Education.” In 3rd ICIE: International Conference on Islamic Education: Islamic Education, Sciences and Technology for Sustainable Development on Islamic Education. Kudus: Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Kudus, 2023.
Shihab, M. Quraish. Grounding the Qur’an. Volume 2. Jakarta: Lentera Paramadina, 2005.
Sīnā, Ibnu. Al-Ishārāt Wa Al-Tanbīhāt. Juz 2. Kairo: Maṭba’ah al-Khayriyyah, n.d.
Sururi, Ahmad, Arqom Kuswanjono, and Agus Himmawan Utomo. “Ecological Sufism Concepts in the Thought of Seyyed Hossein Nasr.” Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (2020).
Suwito. “Environmental Ethics in Sufistic Cosmology According to Seyeed Hossein Nasr.” Madania 21, no. 2 (2017).
Timm, Roger E. “The Ecological Impact of Creation Theology According to Islam.” In Religion, Philosophy and the Environment, edited by Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A Grim. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003.
Troster, Lawrence. “What Is Eco-Theology?” Cross Currents, Association for Religion and Intellectual Life 63, no. 4 (2013).
Ummah, E. Ova Siti Sofwatul. “Tarekat, Ritual, Spiritual, and Social Piousness: The Practice of the Experience of the Syadziliyah Tarekat in Banten.” Al-A’raf 15, no. 2 (2018).
Zulfikar, Eko. “The Qur’an’s Insights on Ecology: A Thematic Study of the Verses of Environmental Conservation.” QOF: Journal of Qur'an Studies and Tafsir 2, no. 2 (2018).
Zulfikar, Eko, Kusnadi, Halimatussa'diyah, and Nadia Azkiya. “Eco-Theology in Tafsir Al-Azhar: Hamka’s Efforts in Building a Paradigm and Being Environmentally Conscious.” In the ICQS Proceeding Conference. Kudus: The Science of the Quran and Tafsir, IAIN Kudus, 2023.
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Published
2025-04-29
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Abdul Rohman, Ach Khoiri Nabil, Aqib Zuhri Adi Kusuma, Muhammad Nasiruddin, & Idri. (2025). The Concept of Ecotheology in Tafsir Al-Baḥr al-Madīd: Ibn ’ Ajibah’s Sufistic Interpretation of Environmental Verses in the Qur’an. AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, 9(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v9i1.11818
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