Religiosity and Participation in Islamic Organization among Indonesian Muslim in Sydney and Canberra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29240/jf.v7i1.4739Keywords:
Indonesian Islam, religiosity, moderate Islam, Indonesian local tradition, selamatan.Abstract
Indonesian Islam has its own unique characteristics as it is inseparable from local traditions and has been connected to the role of Indonesian Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. This study observes the religiosity among Indonesian Muslims in Australia, especially in Sydney and Canberra in 2018. By conducting an online survey with 108 respondents, the study found that beside mandatory religiosity, Indonesian Muslims still very often perform nahdliyin-related religious activities such as celebrating halal bi halal, performing selamatan, requesting dua from ustadz, performing tahlilan and commemorating maulid an-Nabi. However, they prefer to pray teraweh with 11 rakaats and only very few respondents chose often and very often for teraweh with 23 rakaats. While most respondents felt being part of Nahdlatul Ulama, very few of them were an active member and a board member in Nahdlatul Ulama or Muhammadiyah. This is very interesting given the current rise of Islamism among Indonesian Muslims in Indonesia and overseas, as well as efforts made by some Indonesian Islamic organizations to spread moderate Islam throughout Western countries.
Downloads
References
Alatas, I. F. (2014). Pilgrimage and network formation in two contemporary Bamacr; ’Alawimacr; Ḥawl in central Java. Journal of Islamic Studies, 25(3), 298–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/etu037
Arifianto, A. R. (2020). Rising Islamism and the Struggle for Islamic Authority in Post-Reformasi Indonesia. TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 8(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2019.10
Azra, A. (1994). Jaringan Ulama: Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII dan XVIII. Mizan.
Azra, A. (2006). Indonesian Islam, Mainstream Muslims and Politics. Taiwanese and Indonesian Islamic Leaders Exchange Project, 1–11.
Baier, D. (2014). The Influence of Religiosity on Violent Behavior of Adolescents: A Comparison of Christian and Muslim Religiosity. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(1), 102–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513504646
Barton, G. (1999). Gagasan Islam Liberal di Indonesia. Paramadina.
Barton, G. (2014). The Gülen Movement, Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama: Progressive Islamic Thought, Religious Philanthropy and Civil Society in Turkey and Indonesia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25(3), 287–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2014.916124
Barton, G., Vergani, M., & Wahid, Y. (2021). Santri with attitude: support for terrorism and negative attitudes to non-Muslims among Indonesian observant Muslims. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 0(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2021.1944272
Bowen, J. R. (1997). Modern Intentions Reshaping Subjectivities in an Indonesian Muslim Society. In P. Horvatich & R. W. Hefner (Eds.), Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824863029
Dhofier, Z. (2011). Tradisi pesantren: studi tentang pandangan hidup kyai. LP3ES.
Dijk, K. (1998). Dakwah and indigenous culture; The dissemination of Islam. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 154(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003896
El-Menouar, Y. (2014). The Five Dimensions of Muslim Religiosity . Results of an Empirical Study. Method, Data, Analyses, 8(1), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2014.003
Feener, R. M. (2007). Muslim Legal Thought in Indonesia. Cambridge University Press.
Geertz, C. (1960). The Religion of Java. The University of Chicago Press.
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., Ghramaleki, A. F., Morris, R. J., & Hood, R. W. (2000). Muslim attitudes towards religion scale: Factors, validity and complexity of relationships with mental health in Iran. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 3(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/713685603
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., & Khan, Z. H. (2007). Theoretical, Empirical, and Potential Ideological Dimensions of Using Western Conceptualizations to Measure Muslim Religious Commitments. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 2(2), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564900701613041
Hakam, S. (2015). Halal Bi Halal, a Festival of Idul Fitri and It’S Relation With the History of Islamization in Java. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2015.10.2.385-404
Hassan, R. (2002). Faithlines: Muslim Conceptions of Islam and Society. Oxford University Press.
Hoesterey, J. B. (2019) ‘Is Indonesia a Model for the Arab Spring? Islam, Democracy, and Diplomacy*’, 47(1), pp. 157–165.
Jensen, T. G. (2011). Context, focus and new perspectives in the study of Muslim religiosity. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(7), 1152–1167. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2010.526235
Jumat, G. (2012). Nasionalisme Ulama: Pemikiran Politik Kebangsaan Sayyid ‘Idrus bin Salim Aljurfriy, 1891-1969. Kementerian Agama RI.
Kraus, S. E., Hamzah, A. H., Turiman, S., Noah, S. M., Mastor, K. A., Juhari, R., Kassan, H., Mahmoud, A., & Manap, J. (2012). The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Measurement Inventory (MRPI)’s Religiosity Measurement Model: Towards Filling the Gaps in Religiosity Research on Muslims. Social Science & Humanities, 2(4), 164–180.
Krauss, S. E., Azimi, H., & Idris, F. (2007). Adaptation of a Muslim Religiosity Scale for Use with Four Different Faith Communities in Malaysia. Review of Religious Research, 49(2), 147–164.
Lukens-Bull, R. (2008). The traditions of pluralism, accommodation, and anti-radicalism in the pesantren community. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2008.2.1.1-15
Mahudin, N. D. M., Noor, N. M., Dzulkifli, M. A., & Janon, N. S. (2016). Religiosity among Muslims: A Scale Development and Validation Study. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 20(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v20i2.3492
Mietzner, M., & Muhtadi, B. (2019). Explaining the 2016 Islamist Mobilisation in Indonesia . pdf Explaining the 2016 Islamist Mobilisation in. Asian Studies Review, 42(3), 479–497.
Mudzakir, A. (2020). Traditional Islam and Global Religious Connectivity: Nahdlatul Ulama in The Netherlands. Islam Nusantara: Journal for Study of Islamic History and Culture, 1(1), 145–162. http://journal.unusia.ac.id/index.php/ISLAMNUSANTARA/article/view/48/32
Mujani, S. (2007). Religious Democrats: Democratic Culture and Muslim Political Participation in Post-Suharto Indonesia [The Ohio State University]. http://repository.bakrie.ac.id/56/
Mujani, S. (2019). Explaining Religio-Political Tolerance Among Muslims: Evidence from Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 26(2). http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika/article/viewFile/11237/6163
Mujiburrahman. (1999). Islam and politics in indonesia: The political thought of abdurrahman wahid. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(1), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596419908721191
Noer, D. (1972). The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia. Oxford University Press.
Ok, Ü. (2016). The Ok-Religious Attitude Scale (Islam): Introducing an instrument originated in Turkish for international use. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 37(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2016.1141529
Olufadi, Y. (2017). Muslim Daily Religiosity Assessment Scale (MUDRAS): A new instrument for Muslim religiosity research and practice. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000074
Pribadi, Y. (2022). Indonesia ’ s Islamic Networks in Germany : The Nahdlatul Ulama in Campaigning Islam Nusantara and Enacting Religious Agency. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 42(1), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2022.2064056
Rianti, A., Novenia, A. E., Christopher, A., Lestari, D., & Parassih, E. K. (2018). Ketupat as traditional food of Indonesian culture. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 5(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2018.01.001
Ricklefs, M. . (2012). Islamization and Its Opponents on Java, c. 1930-Present. Singapore NUS Press.
Saeed, A. (1997). Ijtihad and innovation in neo–modernist islamic thought in indonesia. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(1), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596419708721127
Saeed, A. (2007). Towards religious tolerance through reform in Islamic education : The case of the state institute of Islamic studies of Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, June 2012, 37–41.
Safei, A. A., Ali, M., Himayaturohmah, E., Development, C., Negeri, I., & Gunung, S. (2022). Dealing with Islamophobia : Expanding religious engagement to civic engagement among the Indonesian Muslim community in Australia. HTS Teologiese Studies/ Theological Studies, 1–8.
Sahal, A., & Aziz, M. (2015). Islam Nusantara: Dari Ushul Fiqh Hingga Paham Kebangsaan. Mizan.
Sakai, M., & Fauzia, A. (2014). Islamic orientations in contemporary Indonesia: Islamism on the rise? Asian Ethnicity, 15(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2013.784513
Stout, M. D. (2008). Social Capital and Inequality In Political Participation. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University.
Supena, I. (2021). Epistemology Of Islam Nusantara And Its Implication To Liberal Thought of Indonesian Islam. European Journal of Science and Theology, 17(2), 23–34.
Sitompul, E. M. (1989) Nahdlatul Ulama dan Pancasila : sejarah dan peranan NU dalam perjuangan Umat Islam di Indonesia dalam rangka penerimaan Pancasila sebagai satu-satunya asas. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Syihab, A. (1998). Membendung Arus: Respons Gerakan Muhammadiyah terhadap Penetrasi Misi Kristen di Indonesia. Bandung: Mizan.
Toyibah, D., Mushoffa, E., Syajaroh, W. S., Farida, A. R., & Suralaga, F. (2020). Supporting and Opposing Islamism: The Views of Millennial Members of Indonesian Islamic Organizations (IIOS) and Religious Gatherings (Pengajian) In Sydney and Canberra Australia. Hamdard Islamicus, 43, 106–125. https://hamdardfoundation.org/hamdard
Wilde, A., & Joseph, S. (1997). Religiosity and personality in a Moslem context. Personality and Individual Differences, 23(5), 899–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00098-6
Yulianto, V. I. (2019). Is the Past Another Country? A Case Study of Rural: Urban Affinity on Mudik Lebaran in Central Java. Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(01), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v4i0.118
Zuhri, S. (2013). Inventing Balinese Muslim Sainthood. Indonesia and the Malay World, 41(119), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2012.750106
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors who publish with FOKUS: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).