Hate Speech by JKT48 Fans Against the @IDOLPOLICE_ Account on Twitter

Dafa Firstama Surya Putra; Zainal Abidin Achmad

doi:10.29240/jdk.v11i2.17710

Authors

Dafa Firstama Surya Putra Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Zainal Abidin Achmad Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v11i2.17710

Keywords:

Hate speech; JKT48; fanaticism; fandom; Twitter

Abstract

Purpose − The phenomenon of fandom on social media demonstrates that fans not only support their idols but also actively respond to narratives perceived as detrimental to their idols’ public image. Within the JKT48 fan community on Twitter, such responses may escalate into hate speech when certain accounts are perceived as attacking, belittling, or negatively portraying the members. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the forms of hate speech expressed by JKT48 fans toward the @idolpolice_ account on Twitter and to explain the factors underlying the emergence of such expressions.

Method − This study employed a qualitative research method with a netnographic approach. Data were collected from comments on posts published by the @idolpolice_ account and through semi-structured interviews with seven JKT48 fans. The data were analyzed using thematic coding to categorize forms of hate speech and interpret the social and emotional motives underlying fans’ responses.

Findings − The findings reveal five forms of hate speech: insults, defamation, offensive conduct, provocation or incitement, and sarcastic remarks. The underlying factors include perceptions of negative framing, emotional attachment to one’s oshi (favorite idol), empathy toward the members, differing perceptions of the boundaries between criticism and personal attacks, accumulated frustration, emotional venting, and the desire to exert social pressure. Fanaticism in defending idols is not inherently negative; however, it becomes problematic when it crosses the boundaries of ethical communication.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdillah, R., Ibrahim, A., Sirait, N., Oktavia, N., Widyadari, R., Amanda, S., & Jansa, S. (2023). Studi Psikologi Siber Tentang Dampak Hate Speech Bagi Pengguna Media Sosial. SIBATIK JOURNAL Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial Ekonomi Budaya Teknologi Dan Pendidikan, 2(11), 3459–3472. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v2i11.1478

Ameliani, T. F. K., & Safari, T. (2025). The Moderating Role of Empathy in the Relationship Between Fanaticism and Cyberbullying Among Adolescent K-pop Fans on Social Media. Jurnal Sains Psikologi, 14(1), 56–70. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um023v14i12025p56-70

Aulia Rachmah. (2026). The Effectiveness of Social Media as a Medium for Islamic Da’wah in the Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 11(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v11i1.16241

Brooks, S. K. (2021). FANatics: Systematic literature review of factors associated with celebrity worship, and suggested directions for future research. Current Psychology, 40(2), 864–886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9978-4

Budi Setiadi, Ahmad Jundillah Al Hafidz, Ahmad Farid, M. Yakub, & Halimatus Sa’diyah. (2025). Praktik Kehumasan Islam di Lembaga Modern, Studi Kasus Pada Dompet Dhuafa. Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 10(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v10i1.13257

Cindrakasih, R. R., Rahardjo, A., Saeni, E., & Rahmi, M. (2024). Brand Attachment Penggemar dan Idola Melalui Konten Fanatisme. AL MIKRAJ: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 5(1), 2058–2068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v5i01.6637

Demant, J., & Moretti, A. (2024). Intrusiveness and the Public-private Divide in Netnography: A Situated, Structured Approach for Ethical Research in the Context of Closed, Group-based, or Hidden Social Media Behaviour. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241257937

Dewi, D. T., Lasut, K. B., Manungkalit, S. T., & Khatulistiwa, M. B. (2022). Participatory Fandom Harries Indonesia Pada Penulisan Fanfiction di Wattpad. Jurnal Komunikasi Global, 11(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.24815/jkg.v11i1.24038

Dwi Dini Farah Diva, & Khatibah. (2026). Followers’ Affective Responses to Tourism Information on Instagram: A Study of the @zonakalakkaro Instagram Account. Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 11(1 SE-Articles), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v11i1.16712

Farij, I., & Nio, S. R. (2025). Hubungan Antara Fanatisme dengan Perilaku Konsumtif Pada Komunitas Penggemar JKT48 Regional Sumatera Barat (PDG48). CAUSALITA : Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.62260/causalita.v2i2.306

Firdausy, W. J., & Achmad, Z. A. (2025). Strategi Promosi Modifikasi Mobil Melalui Instagram oleh Akun @evan_autoconcept. NUSANTARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 12(4), 1409–1414.

Fuschillo, G. (2020). Fans, Fandoms, or Fanaticism? Journal of Consumer Culture, 20(3), 347–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540518773822

Gofe, T. E., Olana, D. R., & Debela, K. L. (2022). A Critical Review of Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact. Science Research, 10(5), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20221005.12

Haq, N. H., & Pamungkas, I. N. A. (2025). Identitas Komunikasi Penggemar Fanatik Komunitas NCTzen. Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(3), 1795–1804. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v7i3

Hermawan, J. S. (2024). A Study on Fandom and Fan Culture: Socioeconomic Implications in the Digital Era. In LATTE: A Journal of Language (Vol. 1, Issue 1).

Hidayat, B. D., Surono, A., & Hidayati, M. N. (2021). Ujaran Kebencian pada Media Sosial pada Saat Pandemi Covid-19 Studi Kasus Putusan No.72/PID.SUS/2020/PT.DPS. Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum, 6(2), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.36722/jmih.v6i2.836

Jesica, K., & Utami, L. S. S. (2025). Bergelut di Dunia Fanwar: Komunikasi Kelompok Penggemar K-Pop EXO-L dan ARMY di Twitter. Koneksi, 9(1), 29–40.

Juliansyah, R., & Achmad, Z. A. (2023). Pro Kontra Netizen pada Pemberitaan Pemilihan Ketua Umum PSSI di Instagram @Tempodotco. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(12), 10292–10299. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:265593767

Kamalia, M. (2024). Hiperrealitas Pemuja Idola Dalam Masyarakat Konsumsi (Studi Kasus: 6 Penggemar BTS (ARMY) di Jakarta Pusat). Jurnal Diskursus Pendidikan Sosiologi, 5(2), 59–80.

Kozinets, R. V., & Gretzel, U. (2023). Netnography evolved: New contexts, scope, procedures and sensibilities. Annals of Tourism Research, 104, 103693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103693

Muhammad Ihsan, Hasrat Efendi Samosir, & Khatibah. (2026). Media as a Means of Public Communication: Analysis of the Impact of Social Media on the Formation of Public Opinion. Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 11(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v11i1.16482

Mulya, S. N. M., & Mulyana, A. (2022). Parasocial Interactions: JKT48 Fans in Forming Relations with Idols and Social Environment. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 5(3), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.05.03.368

Pohan, S., & Gustiana, Z. N. (2023). Fenomena Fanwar dan Fanatisme Antar Fandom K-Pop di Media Sosial Twitter. SEMAR : Jurnal Sosial Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(3), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.59966/semar.v1i02.280

Pratama, M., & Winduwati, S. (2021). Aktivitas Interaksi Parasosial Penggemar Kepada Idola (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif pada Wota dan Woti Penggemar JKT48 di Jabodetabek). Koneksi, 5(1), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.24912/kn.v5i1.10197

Raharjo, M. Z., & Kusuma, A. (2024). Aktivitas Digital Penggemar JKT48: Studi Netnografi Pada Aplikasi Showroom. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(11), 12908–12916. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i11.5024

Rahman, M. S. A., & Achmad, Z. A. (2024). “Yeah, I Know You Always Stay”: Menjelajahi Dunia Virtual ARMY pada Fanbase @bitiesfess Selama Hiatus Grup. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 17(02), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.12962/J24433527.V17I2.20603

Ramadhan, M. D. R., & Yuliana, N. (2023). Analisis Pola Perilaku Penggemar JKT48 pada Aplikasi X dalam Berkomunikasi dengan Sesama Penggemar. Triwikrama: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Sosial, 2(4), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.6578/triwikrama.v2i5.1065

Rumbi, W., Purwasetiawatik, T. F., & Thalib, T. (2024). Celebrity Worship Dan Perilaku Konsumtif: Studi Pada Penggemar JKT48. Jurnal Psikologi Karakter, 4(1), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.56326/jpk.v4i1.3442

Sa’idah, F. L., Santi, D. E., & Suryanto, S. (2021). Faktor Produksi Ujaran Kebencian melalui Media Sosial. Jurnal Psikologi Perseptual, 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.24176/perseptual.v6i1.5144

Sahara, N., Marliani, R., & Kurniadewi, E. (2022). Gambaran Konflik Antar Kelompok Penggemar Korean Pop di Media Sosial. PSYCHE: JURNAL PSIKOLOGI, 4(1), 31–46.

Salsabila, Z. Z., & Banowo, E. (2024). Fenomena Fanwar dalam Fanatisme Penggemar Kpop pada Media Sosial Twitter. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 13(1), 18–36. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi/article/view/52469/26354

Saraswati, L. A., & Nurbaity. (2020). BTS ARMY’s #BTSLOVEYOURSELF: A Worldwide K-Pop Fandom Participatory Culture on Twitter. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i14.7899

Shofa Zahrani, Mustofa Hilmi, & Kirana Nur Lyansari. (2026). Media Framing by Inilah.com of the Collapse of Pondok Pesantren Al-Khoziny on TikTok. Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 11(1), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v11i1.16133

Syamsudin, Haerani, S., Damayanti, R. A., & Fattah, S. (2022). The Interpretive Paradigm: Symbolic Interactionism. Quest Journals : Journal of Research in Business and Management, 10(12), 63–67.

Tjahyana, L. J. (2021). Studi Netnografi Pola Komunikasi Jaringan Komunitas Cryptocurrency Dogecoin Pada Twitter. Jurnal Komunikatif, 10(1), 16–37. https://doi.org/10.33508/jk.v10i1.3188

Widyatnyana, K. N., Rasna, I. W., & Putrayasa, I. B. (2023). Analisis Jenis dan Makna Pragmatik Ujaran Kebencian di dalam Media Sosial Twitter. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, 12(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.23887/jurnal_bahasa.v12i1.2216