Understanding the Implications of Marriage Law Amendments: Marriage Dispensation Cases in Indonesian Religious Courts

Yasin Yetta; Ahmad Rajafi; Syahrul Mubarak Subeitan

doi:10.29240/jhi.v9i1.8979

Understanding the Implications of Marriage Law Amendments: Marriage Dispensation Cases in Indonesian Religious Courts

Yasin Yetta, Ahmad Rajafi, Syahrul Mubarak Subeitan

Abstract

This article aims to determine the implications of changing Law Number 1 of 1974 to Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage Dispensations in Indonesian Religious Courts. Specifically, this research seeks to analyze the increase in cases of post-amendment dispensation and explore the factors contributing to the gap between legal mandates and community practices regarding early marriage. This research uses a qualitative approach with a juridical perspective using comprehensive data analysis from Religious Courts in various regions in Indonesia. The data sources include decisions from the Directory of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, which focus on requests for dispensation. The analysis involves data collection, selection, sorting, reduction, and conclusion, aiming to effectively meet research objectives and address research gaps. This study integrates legal norms and societal dynamics to comprehensively understand the failure of the Amendment and its implications for the marriage dispensation in Indonesia. The analysis revealed a significant increase in requests for dispensation after the amendment. This reflects the challenges in dealing effectively with early marriage. Cultural pressures, institutional inconsistencies, and societal complexity contribute to the rise in cases of dispensation, underscoring the need for a different approach to legal reform and societal practice. Despite efforts to equalize the marriage age and prevent early marriage, the Amendment has not effectively addressed societal realities, resulting in a gap between legal mandates and actual practice.

Keywords

Marriage law; marriage dispensation; religious courts

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adlani, Nabil. “Mengenal Realitas Sosial Dan Bentuk-Bentuk Dalam Sosiologi,” 2021.

Ahyani, Sri. “Pertimbangan Pengadilan Agama Atas Dispensasi Pernikahan Usia Dini Akibat Kehamilan Di Luar Nikah.” Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika 34, no. 1 (2016): 31–47.

Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Sinar Grafika, 2009.

Assagaf, Mujahid. “Pertimbangan Hakim Pada Perkara Dispensasi Nikah Di Lingkungan Pengadilan Agama Tutuyan.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 3, no. 1 (2023): 36–50.

Astuti, Woro Mega Dwi, Jacinda Ilma Mayastika, and Dian Lutifiani. “Supreme Court Policy on Underage Marriage Dispensation Realizing Legal Certainty.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 8 (2021).

Bilalu, Naskur, Ridwan Jamal, Nurlaila Harun, and Syahrul Mubarak Subeitan. “Compilation of Islamic Law as Judge’s Consideration at a Religious Court in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2022): 1–23. https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/samarah/article/view/12441/7391.

Bukido, Rosdalina, Nurlaila Harun, Muhammad Alwi, and Fahri Fijrin Kamaru. “Muslim Society’s Response to the New Rule of Marriage Age.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 May (2023): 135–54.

Bukido, Rosdalina, Nurlaila Harun, Edi Gunawan, and Rahman Mantu. “Harmonization of Customary and Islamic Law in the Gama Tradition of the Muslim Mongondow Community of North Sulawesi.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 22, no. 2 (2022): 239–54.

“Case Data in Indonesian Religious Courts.” Accessed October 15, 2024. https://pa-manado.go.id/statistik-perkara/.

Duadji, Noverman, and Novita Tresiana. “Analysis of Child Marriage and Related Policies in Indonesia: Sustainable Development Issue.” Problemy Ekorozwoju, 2022. https://doi.org/10.35784/pe.2022.1.10.

Elkhairati, Elkhairati. “Pembatasan Usia Perkawinan (Tinjauan Undang-Undang Dan Maqashid Asy-Syari’ah).” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 3, no. 1 June (2018): 87–106.

Faiz, Muhammad Fauzinudin, Zezen Zainul Ali, and Muhammad Taufiq. “Underage Widows and Widowers before the Law: Problem, Contestation and Legal Certainty in Marriage Dispensation.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 22, no. 2 (2023): 223–34.

Fuller, Lon L. The Morality of Law. Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1969.

H, RM Boedi, Ermanto TH, Kripsa YB, and Prabowo. “Application of Third Molar Maturity Index for Indonesia Minimum Legal Age of Marriage: A Pilot Study.” The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology 1 (2022): 12–19.

Hannikainen, Ivan R, and Raff Donelson. “Fuller and The Folk: The Inner Morality of Law Revisid.” Oxford University Press. 2020.

Harisudin, M. Noor, and Muhammad Choriri. “On the Legal Sanction against Marriage Registration Violation in Southeast Asia Countries: A Jasser Auda’s Maqasid Al-Shariah Perspective.” Samarah, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9159.

Inayah, Nurul. “Penetapan Dispensasi Nikah Akibat Hamil Di Luar Nikah Di Pengadilan Agama Yogyakarta Tahun 2010-2015 (Analisis Hukum Acara Peradilan Agama).” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 10, no. 2 (2017): 178–93.

Jayusman, Hervianis Virdya Jaya, Nenan Julir, Tiswarni, and Rahmat Hidayat. “The Development of Indonesian Marriage Law in Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 185 of 2017.” Samarah, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.9166.

Kania, Dede, Siti Fatoni, and Mochammad Afriansyah. “Marriage Dispensation After the Decision of Constitutional Court Number 22/PUU-XV/2017.” Jurnal Hukum Islam Volume 19 (2021).

Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI. “UU No.16/2019.” Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, no. 006265 (2019): 2–6.

Kurniawati, Rani Dewi. “Efektifitas Perubahan UU No 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas UU No 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Terhadap Penetapan Dispensasi Kawin (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Agama Majalengka Kelas IA).” Journal Presumption of Law 3, no. 2 (2021): 160–80.

Magliocca, Gerard. “Buried Alive: The Reboot of the Equal Rights Amendment.” Rutgers University, 2019.

Mansari, Zahrul Fatahillah, Muzakir, Ahmad Oslami, and Muslim Zainuddin. “Concretization of Urgent Reason and Sufficient Evidence in Providing Marriage Dispensation For Children By the Judge.” Nurani Vol. 20, no. 2 (2020).

Marzuki, Marzuki, Yasin Yetta, Muhammad Taufan Badollahi, Murniati Ruslan, and Suhri Hanafi. “The Implementation of Underage Marriage Dispensation in Palu Religious Court.” Review of International Geographical Education Online, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.800521.

Matsui, Shigenori. “Fundamental Human Right and Tradisional Japanese Values’ : Constitusional Amendement and Vision of the Japanes Society.” Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 2018.

Miles, Matthew, Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook, 2014.

Murphy, Bridget L. “The Equal Rights Amendment Revisited.” Notre Dame Law Review 94, no. 2 (2019).

Mustofa, Kholifatun Nur. “Provisions of Minimum Age of Marriage in Indonesia: Amendments Efforts and Responses.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 52, no. 2 (2018): 289–312.

Nasir, Muhammad, Aniza Aniza, Muzakkir Muzakkir, and Muhammad Roni. “The Contestation of Authority in Islamic Marriage Law in Aceh, Indonesia.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (2023): 369–88.

Nii, Gideon, Okai Okantey, and Emmanuel Brenyah. “Sociocultural Implications of Infertility and Challenges in Accessing Assisted Reproductive Technology : Experiences of Couples from Two Health Facilities In.” Marriage & Family Review 57, no. 5 (2021): 375–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2021.1880529.

Nuraeny, Henny, and Kuswandi. “Legal Protection for Contract Marriage Victims in Indonesia.” Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 2019.

Rahiem, Maila D.H. “COVID-19 and the Surge of Child Marriages: A Phenomenon in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.” Child Abuse and Neglect, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105168.

Rahmawati, Melinda, and Heni Ani Nuraeni. “Peran Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Peningkatan Angka Pernikahan Dini Di Wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Barat.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 1 May (2021): 1–14.

Rais, Isnawati. “Marriage Dispensation Due to Extramarital Pregnancy: The Study on the Decision by the Religious Court of South Jakarta (2010-2011).” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v18i1.7490.

Rajafi, Ahmad. “Reconsidering the Age of Marriage in Indonesia.” Al-’Adalah 12, no. 1 (2014): 1–10.

———. “The Contemporary Ushul Fiqh in Indonesia: An Idea and Practice.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 21, no. 1 (2023): 19–34.

Rangkuti, Muhammad Yusuf, and Armi Agustar. “Change in Act Number 16 Of 2019 As An Amendment to Law Number 1 of 1974 Islamic Law and Gender Perspective.” Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundangan-Undangan Dan Ekonomi Islam 14, no. 1 (2022): 51–62.

Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cet I. cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Rizki, Darlin, Frina Oktalita, and Ali Sodiqin. “Maqasid Sharia Perspective in Changes the Marriage Age Limits for Women According to Law Number 16 of 2019.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 November (2022): 487–508.

Said, M Yasir. “A Review on Rawls Theory of Justice.” International Journal of Law Environment and Natural Resource 1 (2021).

Subeitan, Syahrul Mubarak. “Forced Marriage: Implementation of the Mandatory Provisions of the Bride ’ s Consent in Indonesia.” JURIS: Jurnal Ilmiah Syari’ah 21, no. 1 (2022): 77–87.

Subeitan, Syahrul Mubarak, Nurlaila Isima, and Muhamad Sauki Alhabsyi. “Dinamika Pengangkatan Anak Di Indonesia.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 1, no. 1 (2021): 59. https://doi.org/10.30984/jifl.v1i1.1617.

Sudaryanto, Agus, and Sigid Riyanto. “Eksistensi Delik Adat Di Lingkungan Masyarakat Sentolo, Kabupaten Kulonprogo YOGYAKARTA.” Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 28, no. 1 (2016): 46–60.

Sufri, Melda, Zainal Said, and Aris. “Judge Consideration of Marriage Dispensation at Sinderang Rappang Religious Court: Socio Juridic Analysis.” AL-Iftah: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society Vol. 2, no. 1 (2021): 13–24.

Wismayanti, Yanuar Farida, Patrick O’Leary, Clare Tilbury, and Yenny Tjoe. “The Problematization of Child Sexual Abuse in Policy and Law: The Indonesian Example.” Child Abuse and Neglect, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105157.

Yuni, Lilik Andar. “Analysis of The Emergency Reasons in The Application of Marriage Dispensation at The Tenggarong Religious Court.” Samarah, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.9135.

Zainuddin, Asriadi. “Legalitas Pencatatan Perkawinan Melalui Penetapan Isbat Nikah.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 2, no. 1 (2022): 60–72.

Zamroni, Muhamad. Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pencatatan Perkawinan Di Indonesia. Surabaya: Media Sahabat Cendekia, 2018.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i1.8979